A three against nine forward rate agreement, commonly referred to as a 3×9 FRA, is a financial contract that allows two parties to agree on a fixed interest rate that will apply to a future transaction. This agreement is used in the market to mitigate the risk of fluctuating interest rates, which can negatively impact the profitability of investments.

In a 3×9 FRA, the two parties agree on a fixed rate for a three-month period starting in three months, known as the forward rate. This fixed rate will be used in a transaction that will take place at the end of the three-month period, which is the spot rate. The difference between the forward rate and the spot rate will determine the settlement amount paid by one party to the other.

Let`s say that Party A agrees to lend $1 million to Party B in three months at a fixed interest rate of 5% per annum. However, Party A is concerned that interest rates may rise before the transaction takes place, leading to a lower return on their investment. Party A can enter into a 3×9 FRA with Party B to protect their investment.

In this scenario, Party A would agree to pay Party B the difference between the forward rate of 5% and the spot rate in three months, should the spot rate be higher than the forward rate. If the spot rate is lower than the forward rate, Party B would pay Party A the difference. This allows both parties to protect their investments while also ensuring a fixed rate for the future transaction.

The 3×9 FRA is commonly used in the market by financial institutions such as banks, hedge funds, and investment firms. It is also used by companies that need to manage interest rate risk in their daily operations. The use of this contract provides a level of certainty in an otherwise uncertain market, allowing parties to plan future transactions with greater confidence.

In conclusion, the 3×9 FRA is a useful financial tool that allows parties to mitigate interest rate risk in future transactions. By agreeing on a fixed rate in advance, parties can protect their investments and plan for the future with greater confidence. It is important to work with a reputable financial institution when entering into a 3×9 FRA to ensure that all parties are protected and the terms of the agreement are fully understood.